U1R10
Ebook only
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Ebook only
Available as an ebook
Please purchase via www.iwaponline.comOpens in new window
Also part of Water Intelligence Online Digital Reference Library
Standard ePrice: £28.00
+ VAT
Laboratory experiments were conducted using two types of well characterized ENMs, including ENMs of similar size but different surface functional group and ENMs contained in consumer products. A sorption protocol was developed to study the sorption behaviors of hydrophobic, cationic organic molecules and ionic silver on fresh and freeze dried biomass. Partition coefficients of model ENMs with wastewater biomass were determined in a series of batch experiments.
In order to assess the occurrence of ENMs in biosolids and biosolids amended soils, field samples were collected from WWTPs, a set of EPA biosolids composite samples and full scale biosolids handling facilities. ENMs were found to be present in biomass, biosolids and soils receiving land-application of biosolids. The most common ENM observed was titanium dioxide. Other metallic particles in micro meter size were identified in biosolids, including precious metals such as gold and silver. This study is among the first to conduct in-depth and extensive characterization of metallic materials in biosolids, using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. To support these full-scale observations that ENMs accumulate in biomass, the laboratory work explored ways to predict the presence of ENMs in biosolids in the future as more ENMs are used by industry, commercial sectors and residences.
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Fat, oil, and grease (FOG) is generated everyday by food preparation and cleaning activities conducted at commercial establishments and, on a smaller scale, by residential sewer usage. Another...
Subsurface wetlands are well suited for on-site applications because they provide odor and vector control and they mitigate public access issues (U.S. EPA, 1993). Artificial subsurface wetlands...
The purpose of this research project was to examine construction projects that successfully reduced Rainfall Dependent Infiltration/Inflow (RDII). The research began with a literature...
The expanding use of decentralized wastewater management has resulted in an increased interest in small-scale wetland treatment systems. However, there is limited information available on the use...
Environmental remote sensing plays a critical role in observing key hydrological components such as precipitation, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and total water storage on a global scale. As...
Urban stormwater runoff contributes to the degradation of receiving surface waters and groundwater. This degradation is caused both by the increased flows that result from urbanization (i.e., the...
Performance assessment has been one of the hottest topics in the water industry in the past decade. In that period, the International Water Association has played a key role, and the performance...
The purpose of this User’s Guide is to provide guidance on modeling watershed-scale problems associated with decentralized wastewater-treatment systems (DWTS), with a particular focus on onsite...