NUTR1R06m
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Available as an ebook
Please purchase via www.iwaponline.comOpens in new window
Also part of Water Intelligence Online Digital Reference Library
Standard ePrice: £29.00
+ VAT
Due to the widespread severity of eutrophication in surface waters, there is a strong impetus to require ultra-low effluent phosphorus (P) concentrations (i.e., <100 µg L-1) in many municipal wastewater treatment plant discharges. Chemical addition, with filtration or membrane separation, is commonly used to meet these low targets and therefore most of the effluent P from tertiary P removal facility is in the soluble phase. Our study examined the bioavailability of phosphorus (BAP) in the effluents of advanced phosphorus removal treatment systems using algal bioassay experiments. Effluent BAP was determined for 17 full-scale wastewater treatment plants representing a wide range of phosphorus removal technologies, including enhanced biological phosphorus removal and chemical coagulant addition in secondary and tertiary treatment processes. The phosphorus in the effluent samples was operationally characterized as particulate or dissolved, and reactive or nonreactive P using filtration and chemical characterization. A standard bioassay was used to determine the BAP of both total and soluble fractions. The P fractions were then statistically compared to the BAP concentrations. The nutrient removal technologies tested included alum and ferric based chemical P removal, enhanced biological P removal (EBPR), single and two-stage filtration, and membrane separation processes.
The results indicate that the bioavailability and P species composition varies with the nutrient removal process and that in most cases a large portion (>50%) of the effluent P was recalcitrant to algal growth. Comparisons between different technologies indicate higher chemical doses, which also achieved lower effluent P concentrations, decreased the fraction of the phosphorus that was bioavailable (BAP%). Our results also suggest that the effluent total reactive phosphorus (TRP) concentration has, of the operational characterization we assessed, the strongest statistical associated (r2 = 0.81) with the total effluent BAP concentration with the average BAP to TRP ratio of 0.61 ± 0.24. The results of this work should encourage water quality modelers and TMDL permit writers to consider the importance of BAP when assessing the likely ecological impacts of municipal nutrient removal facility effluent discharges.
Given the importance of the watershed protection plans, direct determination of phosphorus (P) mineralization kinetics in advanced wastewater treatment facility effluents is crucial for developing...
There is a pressing need for developing and testing a general set of theories in order to provide a confident basis for prediction of multiple stressor effects. Confident prediction is central to...
The research presented in this report was performed in order to compile and better understand the state of the technology for drinking water pipeline condition assessment methodologies and...
With the advent of improved analytical detection capabilities, a variety of organic chemicals have been found in trace amounts (Trace Organic Chemicals, TOrCs) in surface waters, sediment, and...
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Clean and process water tests for aeration efficiency measurements were performed on a suite of diffusers in different processes for approximately one year. The research plan was set up to test...
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This research project characterized the composition of modern single residential source onsite raw wastewater and primary treated effluent (i.e.,...
Traditional approaches to stormwater management include construction of large, centralized end-of-pipe or interceptor solutions that can be extraordinarily expensive. The goal of this research is...