Water and Energy: Threats and Opportunities - Second Edition - Student Edition

Student Edition of Water and Energy: Threats and Opportunities – Second Edition

Rapid and important developments in the area of energy-water nexus in recent years have been significant. This timely new edition continues to highlight the inextricable link between water and energy, providing an up-to-date overview with detailed summaries of the technical literature.

This edition has been updated throughout and major changes are:

• new chapters on global warming and fossil fuels, including shale gas and fracking
• consequences of the Deepwater Horizon accident in the Mexican Gulf and the Niger Delta oil spills
• developments in hydropower
• continued competition between food, water and energy

This book creates awareness of the important couplings between water and energy. It shows how energy is used in various water cycle operations and demonstrates how water is used and misused in all kinds of energy production. Population increase, climate change and increasing competition between food and fuel production create enormous pressures on both water and energy availability. Since there is no replacement for water, water security looks more crucial than energy security. This is true not only in developing countries but also in the most advanced countries. For example, the western parts of the USA suffer from water scarcity that provides a real security threat.

Part One describes the water-energy nexus, the conflicts and competitions and the couplings between water security, energy security, and food security.

Part Two captures how climate change, population increase and growing food demand will impact water availability around the world.

Part Three describes how energy production and conversion depend on water availability. The environmental consequences of oil and coal exploration and refining are huge, in North America and worldwide. Furthermore, oil leak accidents have hit America, Africa, Europe and Asia. Consequences of hydropower and the competition between hydropower generation, flood control and water storage are discussed. The importance of water for cooling thermal power plants is described, as tragically demonstrated at the Fukushima nuclear plants in 2011. Climate change emphasizes the strong coupling between water availability and operation of power plants.

Part Four analyses how water production and treatment depend on energy. A lot can be done to improve equipment, develop processes and apply advanced monitoring to save energy for water operations. Significant amounts of energy can be saved by better pumping, reduction of leakages, controlled aeration in biological wastewater treatment, efficient biogas production, and improved desalination processes.

The Water and Energy Nexus, The Water and Energy Interrelationship, The Supply of Water, Expedients for Water, Quantity And Quality; Competition and Conflicts Between Water and Energy,  Conflicts Over Shared Water and Energy Resources,  Primary Energy Sources, Electrical Energy Generation,  Industrial Pollution; The Demand for Holistic Solutions, Consequences of the Water And Energy Nexus, Integrated Solutions, System Wide Water Operations, Water, Energy and Food Security    , Sustainability, Putting Ecosystems into the Planning, Finding Efficient Driving Forces; Water Vs. Climate, Population, Energy, Food and Land Use; Climate Change, Global Warming, Climate Change Impact on Weather,  Climate Change Impact on Energy, Climate Meetings, Recent Climate Actions, The Greenhouse Gases, The Global Warming Potential, Frugality, A Note on Svante Arrhenius, a Ghg Pioneer;  Population, The Population Growth,  Urbanisation; Food, Water, Energy And Land Use, Our Need for Food, Water for Agriculture, The Water Footprint and Virtual Water, Energy for Agriculture, Biofuel and Food, The Food We Eat and the Food We Waste, Women and Water – The Gender Issue, Food Prices and Food Production Industry; Global Water Resources, Climate Change Influence, Groundwater, Groundwater Use and Misuse in Some Regions, Some Regions Having Too Little or Too Much Water, Water Security and Water Scarcity, A Systems Approach; Opportunities – The Water Demand Side, Consumer Attitudes and Lifestyles, The Value of Water, The Consumer – Raising the Awareness, Governing Water and Energy; Water for Energy; Water Footprint of Energy Production and Conversion, Metric – Measuring the Water Footprint, The Global Energy, Primary Energy Sources, Electrical Power Generation, Water Constraints for Energy Production; Hydropower,  Hydropower in the World, Incentives for Hydropower and Dam Building, Costs for Dam Building, Examples of Hydropower and Water Resource Conflicts, Small Hydropower Plants, Integrated Planning; Fossil Fuels, Conventional Oil and Gas, Shale Gas – A “Revolution”, Oil Accidents – North America, Oil Exploration in Nigeria, Oil Exploration In The Arctic Sea and in Russia, Natural Gas Flaring, Oil Sand Exploration, Coal, Fossil Fuels, Subsidies and the Climate; Bio Fuels, Different Biomass Sources, The Water Biofuel Nexus, Biofuels, Food and Biofuel Competition for Land and Water; Cooling Thermal Electrical Power Plants, Cooling Thermal Power Plants, Different Cooling Systems, Different Types of Thermal Power Plants, Carbon Capture and Storage (Ccs); Water Management in Industry, Industrial Cooling Systems, Food, Drink and Milk Industries, Process Control, Iron and Steel, Paper and Pulp; Energy for Water; Energy and Carbon Footprint of Water Operations, Different Forms of Energy, Iso Standard, Energy Use for Water Operations, Greenhouse Gas Emission from Wastewater Operations, Energy Savings, From Wastewater Treatment to Resource Recovery; Pumping Water,  Pumping, Leakages, Pressure Control in Water Distribution; Aeration in Biological Wastewater Treatment, Air Supply, Dissolved Oxygen Control; Biogas Generation and Use, Energy Content, Biogas Composition, Anaerobic Digestion, Anaerobic Digester Operation, Biogas Distribution and Use; Heat Recovery in the Water Cycle, Groundwater, Surface Water, Heat Recovery from Wastewater, Heat from Drinking Water; Desalination, The Global Desalination Picture, Principal Methods for Desalination, Membrane Separation, Reverse Osmosis, Desalination Using Reverse Osmosis, Newer Osmosis Technologies, Energy Requirement for Reverse Osmosis, Supplying Power, Desalination Plants – Some Cases; Customer Behaviour - Demand Side Management, Domestic Water Use, Water Consumption at Home, Warm Water Consumption, Outdoor Water Consumption, Water Reuse and Rainwater Harvesting; Opportunities; Possibilities and Solutions, Possible Technical Solutions, Renewable Energy, Attitudes and Life Styles, Possible Actions, Some Final Reflections; A Note on Conversion of Units; Energy Content of Fuels;

“Professor Olssons book, Water and Energy Threats and Opportunities, the result of a meticulous multi-year effort, meets an important and growing need: to define and illuminate the critical linkage between water and energy. He explores the water-energy nexus in detail, and carefully discusses its many implications, including for food production and its connection to global climate change. He properly and repeatedly emphasizes the important message that water and energy issues must be addressed together if society is to make wise and efficient use of these critical resources. Given its comprehensive scope and careful scholarship, the book will serve as a valuable addition to the libraries of students, researchers, practitioners, and government officials at all levels. In its expanded and updated second edition it adds a clear and comprehensive discussion of the important subject of fracking which has recently emerged as a major public issue."

DR. ALLAN R. HOFFMAN, Senior Analyst, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC

“This second edition of the book is much more than a revision of data, style and contents. It extends significantly some key topics, and adds new information about current issues in the nexus of water and  energy, such as water footprint, fracking, oil exploitation in the Arctic Sea, and many others. One of the most brilliant aspects of Gustaf's writing is his ability to pay attention and question unobtrusively our role as citizens, to face the complexity of these environmental aspects and their implications. Gustaf argues the situation with authority, summoning up examples and illustrations that are helpful in challenging our knowledge, but also our thinking, feeling and behaving.”

PROFESSORS MANEL POCH, JOAQUIM COMAS and IGNASI RODRIGUEZ-RODA, Catalan Institute for Water Research and LEQUiA - University of Girona, Catalonia.

“Prof Olsson has pioneered into a new knowledge territory by combining water and energy into a subject by its own. In reality, water and energy should not be separated in terms of academic discipline, sector administration, policy framework or business portfolio. Wherever we need water, energy is to be coupled as common utilities for residential, commercial or industrial development. Prof Olsson has demonstrated his mastery of water-energy nexus in this book.”

PROFESSOR ZAINI UJANG, President and Vice-Chancellor Emeritus, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

"Gustaf Olsson illustrates the inextricable linkage between water and energy, and demonstrates that an integrated and holistic approach as well as a change of attitude is necessary to solve the complex water and energy challenges we are facing. This book is full of enlightenment."

JINING CHEN, President and Professor, Tsinghua University, Beijing

"Water and Energy - Threats and Opportunities by Emeritus Professor Gustaf Olson is a milestone book in the efficient use of two important resources: water and energy. It is remarkable that due to increasing specialization among professionals in the different fields, water and energy are not optimized jointly. The production of energy requires water, while the supply of water services demands energy. Water and energy are the drivers for almost all economic activities, and are of such importance that they are at the origin of conflicts throughout the world."

BLANCA JIMINEZ CISNEROS, Director of the Division of Water Sciences, UNESCO, Paris

"This book comes at the right time. Conflicts about hydropower projects …New perspective on waste water as an energy source … growing dependence from seawater desalination for cities in arid areas…these are warning signals that water and energy security are increasingly linked.   Gustaf Olsson’s work is a precious reference, encompassing the complexity of the subject and providing a wealth of data. Because he has shared his career between energy and water management, Gustaf Olsson has a balanced and wide ranging perspective."

JACQUES LABRE, Co-ordinator of Thematic Priority Harmonize energy and water, at the 6th World Water Forum (Marseilles, March 2012)

"In producing his latest book, Water and Energy, Professor Olsson has put together an extremely valuable compendium of vital information and insights into the highly crucial relationship between two essential in modern life water and energy. In so doing, Professor Olsson is providing the largely separate communities of both water professionals and energy professional with a foundation for jointly understanding, simplifying and in many cases demystifying the myriad of water and energy interfaces. When one considers the significant carbon footprint of water production, use and treatment and the even more significant water footprint of energy production and use, the contribution of Professor Olsson’s book will be greatly appreciated in helping to illuminate the pathway ahead a pathway that will lead us to conquer the essential challenge of making the use of water and energy both and jointly, an order of magnitude more efficient than today."

PAUL D. REITER, Former Executive Director, International Water Association

“In authoring the book “Water and Energy Threats and Opportunities” Professor Gustaf Olsson provided a comprehensive and equally impressive guide in to the critical and many times complex relationship of energy and water. The book provided detailed insights to all parts of what is normally referred to as the “water and energy nexus”; such as different drivers for water and energy, different impacts on water resources from types of energy generation, technology options as well as suggesting steps to be taken in order to better address emerging challenges. The dynamic relationship between water and energy is under constant change and evolvement as demand for different fuel types emerges, new technologies are employed and science makes breakthroughs. This second edition of the book captures many of these changes offering even more depth and width to the reader as professor Olsson once again delivers a key product enabling better understanding of the water and energy nexus.”

ANDREAS LINDSTRÖM, Unit leader, Water-Energy-Food, Stockholm International Water Institute