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This report describes a linked environmental dispersion, exposure, and health effects model, known as the Spreadsheet Microbial Assessment of Risk: Tool for Biosolids (“SMART Biosolids”) which has been developed to assess the relative risk of human infection from direct or indirect exposure to land-applied biosolids. SMART Biosolids assesses risk associated with land-applied biosolids through five pathways: (1) inhalation of aerosols from land application sites, (2) consumption of groundwater contaminated by land-applied biosolids, (3) direct ingestion of biosolids-amended soils, (4) ingestion of plants contaminated by land-applied biosolids, and (5) consumption of surface water contaminated by runoff from a land application site. SMART Biosolids focuses on risk to highly exposed individuals who are land application field workers, or residents of homes adjacent to sites. The SMART Biosolids model enables wastewater utilities, land applicators, and regulators, to estimate the exposure to pathogenic microorganisms from biosolids land application under a variety of scenarios and thereby gain insight into effective management practices. This report describes how to use SMART Biosolids and provides technical documentation for the mathematical methods used by the model.
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Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Characterization and Bioavailability in Wastewater Effluents
This project addresses the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) content in the effluents of different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this report, information is presented on the occurrence...
Greenhouse Nitrogen Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Operation: Phase I
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Engineered biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes are used mainly to achieve improved water quality. However, BNR strategies could be a...
Evaluating and Optimizing Source Treatment Technologies to Improve the Biodegradability of Organic Compounds
The main objective of this research was to investigate the capabilities of three chemical oxidation processes as pretreatment technologies with the goal of making wastewaters containing persistent...
Trace Organic Chemicals in Biosolids-Amended Soils: State-of-the-Science Review
The presence of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) in municipal biosolids in the U.S. has received considerable attention by the public and scientific community over the last several years. Of...
Determine the Effect of Individual Wastewater Characteristics and Variances on Primary Clarifier Performance
The Water Environment Research Foundation sponsored a one-year study quantifying the effect of certain wastewater characteristics and their variability on the performance of primary clarifiers. ...
Sampling for Measurement of Odours
Research into the sampling and measurement of odours has developed in a number of sectors, especially the agriculture, food and process industries, with knowledge from each sector being...
Identification of the ‘Active’ Fraction and Metabolic Pathways in Trace Organic Contaminants Removal Using Stable Isotope Probing
The widespread presence of trace organic contaminants (TOrC), such as the endocrine disrupting compound bisphenol-A (BPA), has been cause for growing concern due to persistence in the environment...
Factors Influencing the Reliability of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has been used for decades to remove phosphorus from municipal wastewater because it allows facilities to meet water quality goals while minimizing...