Analytical Measurements in Aquatic Environments

Even a cursory perusal of any analytical journal will demonstrate the increasing importance of trace and ultra-trace analysis. And as instrumentation continues to develop, the definition of the term "trace element" will undoubtedly continue to change. Covering the composition and underlying properties of freshwater and marine systems, Analytical Measurements in Aquatic Environments provides the basis for understanding both. It discusses all aspects of analytical protocols from the handling of representative samples to the metrological evaluation of specific steps and whole procedures. The book covers:

• handling of representative samples
• sample preservation techniques
• extraction techniques
• speciation analytics
• solvent-free sample preparation for analysis
• application of biotests
• bioanalytical methods for monitoring
• green analytical chemistry-application of the concept of sustainability in analytical laboratories
• application of the Life Cycle Assessment approach
• quality control and quality assurance of analytical results
• enhanced techniques of sample preparation
• hyphenated analytical techniques

Ecotoxicological considerations and the effort to achieve an increasingly accurate description of the state of the environmental challenge analytical chemists who need to determine increasingly lower concentrations of various analytes in samples that have complex and even non-homogenous matrices. The newly coined expression "analytics" emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of available methods for obtaining information about material systems, with many methods that exceed the strict definition of analytical chemistry. Drawing on the disciplines of chemistry, physics, computer science, electronics, material science, and chemometrics, this book provides in-depth information on the most important problems in analytics of samples from aquatic ecosystems.

Strategy of Collecting Samples from an Aquatic Environment

B. Zygmunt and A. Banel

Preservation and Storage of Water Samples

M. Biziuk, A. Beyer, and J. Żukowska

Application of Passive Sampling Techniques for Monitoring the Aquatic Environment

G.A. Mills, R. Greenwood, I.J. Allan, E. Łopuchin, J. Brummer, J. Knutsson, and B. Vrana

Modern Techniques of Analyte Extraction

T. Barri and J.-A. Jonsson

Mineralization Techniques Used in the Sample Preparation Step

H. Matusiewicz

Biota Analysis as a Source of Information on the State of Aquatic Environments

J.P. Coelho, A.I. Lillebo, M. Pacheco, M.E. Pereira, M.A. Pardal, and A.C. Duarte

Speciation Analytics in Aquatic Ecosystems

A. de Brauwere, Y. Gao, S. De Galan, W. Baeyens, M. Elskens, and M. Leermakers

Immunochemical Analytical Methods for Monitoring the Aquatic Environment

J. Adrian, F. Fernandez, A. Muriano, R. Obregon, J. Ramon, N. Tort, and M.-P. Marco

Application of Biotests

L. Wolska, A. Kochanowska, and J. Namieśnik

Total Parameters as a Tool for the Evaluation of the Load of Xenobiotics in the Environment

T. Gorecki and H. Shaaban El-Hussieny Mohamed

Determination of Radionuclides in the Aquatic Environment

B. Skwarzec

Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Inorganic Constituents

J. Moreda-Pineiro and A. Moreda-Pineiro

Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Organic and Organometallic Analytes

E. Rosenberg

Introducing the Concept of Sustainable Development into Analytical Practice: Green Analytical Chemistry

W. Wardencki and J. Namieśnik

Chemometrics as a Tool for Treatment Processing of Multiparametric Analytical Data Sets

S. Tsakovski and V. Simeonov

Quality Assurance and Quality Control of Analytical Results

E. Bulska

Analytical Procedures for Measuring Precipitation Quality Used within the EMEP Monitoring Program

W. Aas

Life Cycle Assessment of Analytical Protocols

H. Janik and J. Kucińska-Lipka

Preparation of Samples for Analysis: The Key to Analytical Success

J. Namieśnik and P. Szefer

Index