WERF Report 03-CTS-21UR
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Available as an ebook
Please purchase via www.iwaponline.comOpens in new window
Also part of Water Intelligence Online Digital Reference Library
Standard ePrice: £29.00
+ VAT
Of the total number of consumer product chemicals the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has identified, approximately 500 are considered high production volume (HPV) chemicals. This study investigated the occurrence and fate of high production volume household chemicals in wastewater systems. The study was initiated with a comprehensive review on HPV organic chemicals in household commodities and their contributions to municipal wastewater treatment systems. The comprehensive review presented the basis to compile a database on HPV chemicals and organic compounds in household commodities that have the potential to affect wastewater processes and effluent qualities. The occurrence of select HPV target compounds during wastewater treatment was studied by collecting composite samples of raw sewage and final treated effluents at seven full-scale treatment plants employing different operational conditions. Of the 26 household chemicals targeted in this study, 20 compounds were consistently detected in raw influents of full-scale wastewater treatment plants. Chemicals that are primarily used in products applied outdoors were generally not present in raw influent samples. The majority of compounds present in personal care and cleaning products generally appeared in all influent samples with concentrations of 2-phenoxyethanol (a preservative with various uses) and menthol (a fragrance with various uses) consistently exhibiting the highest concentrations of all compounds. The efficacy of advanced wastewater treatment processes to achieve removal and destruction of selected target compounds was studied through controlled lab- and pilot-scale studies (i.e., MBR, ozone, AOP). In general, biological treatment resulted in partial or complete removal (>80%) indicating that biological treatment is a good treatment option for HPV household chemicals.
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Phosphorus measurements at very low concentrations have been tested and proven to be unreliable. The establishment of stricter phosphorus discharge requirements has challenged the wastewater...
Phosphorus measurements at very low concentrations have been tested and proven to be unreliable. The establishment of stricter phosphorus discharge requirements has challenged the wastewater...
Direct potable reuse (DPR) is the planned introduction of recycled water either directly into a public water system or into a raw water supply immediately upstream of a water treatment plant. DPR...
A dual-membrane treatment approach for potable reuse that includes microfiltration (MF), reverse osmosis (RO), and ultraviolet advanced oxidation (UVAOP) has been used at a number of full-scale...
Microbial risk assessment is a structured approach to estimating risks associated with environmental exposure to pathogens by using available environmental data.
In this report the...
In wastewater reclamation systems, microbiological monitoring is conducted to ensure that the users of reclaimed water are exposed to minimal risks from exposure to pathogens. Typically, utilities...
Available as eBook only
According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA, 2011), over 34 million tons of food waste are generated annually in the...
This WERF sponsored research addresses the utility of bioassessment for managing aquatic life uses in urban and/or urbanizing catchments. Heavily urbanized catchments...
Available as eBook only
This research project characterized the composition of modern single residential source onsite raw wastewater and primary treated effluent (i.e.,...
People and societies conceptualise and experience time in fundamentally different ways. This basic aspect of perception significantly influences the way we frame problems and conceive solutions....
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Government agencies and water utilities have mechanisms in place for managing a range of emergencies and disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, disease epidemics, and...