WERF Report (Project 00-HHE-8-UR)
Available as an ebook
Please purchase via www.iwaponline.comOpens in new window
Also part of Water Intelligence Online Digital Reference Library
Standard ePrice: £29.00
+ VAT
Available as an ebook
Please purchase via www.iwaponline.comOpens in new window
Also part of Water Intelligence Online Digital Reference Library
Standard ePrice: £29.00
+ VAT
Doodlebug is a new biochip technology that uses surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microscopy for label and reagent free transduction. The biochip itself comprises pixels of capture biomolecules immobilized on a SERS-active metal surface. Once the biochip has been exposed to the sample and the capture biomolecules have selectively bound their ligands, a Raman microscope is used to collect SERS fingerprints from the pixels on the chip. Because imaging Raman microscopes offer spatial resolution as fine as 250 nm, spectra can be collected from individual microorganisms captured by the pixels. This exquisite sensitivity eliminates the need for labels such as fluors or enzymes, or reagents such as those used in PCR; and, thereby, eliminates the potential for false responses from environmental constituents that either mimic or mask the signals from labels or reagents.
The WERF program showed that SERS, like other whole-organism fingerprinting techniques, is very specific. Studies with representative strains of six Legionella species, recently-passaged oocysts from six C. parvum genotype 2 strains, three genotype 1 strains, and a C. meleagridis strain, plus a Giardia sample, indicated that SERS could identify the bacteria and oocysts at the species and subspecies levels. Therefore, Doodlebug holds promise for individually identifying pathogens, even when organisms that cross-react with the capture biomolecules are present in a sample. The fingerprints that were used in oocyst identification were routinely collected from a single oocyst within 60 seconds.
Experiments involving the impact of environmental and water treatment conditions suggest that the Doodlebug approach will be able to differentiate between viable and nonviable, and possibly injured, organisms. It appears that the SERS fingerprint may even be useful in determining the ‘age’ of an oocyst; e.g., whether it is too old to be infectious. The WERF program culminated in a demonstration of the simultaneous detection of two very different microorganisms (i.e., C. parvum oocysts and Bacillus spores) present in a mixture. Although oocyst capture was selective, some spores adhered nonspecifically to the anti-oocyst MAb surface. This showcased Doodlebug’s ability to eliminate false responses due to nonspecific adherence or cross-reactivity, since the spores were readily differentiated from the oocysts on the basis of their SERS fingerprints.
|
This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below |
Under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), many municipal and industrial wastewater treatment facilities must perform Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Testing. Regulatory...
Available as eBook only.
WERF and NYSERDA, in conjunction with Brown and Caldwell, Black & Veatch, Hemenway Inc., and NEBRA, are leading a research project to determine...
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) microarrays are widely used for differential expression studies and for detection of virulence genes in pure bacterial cultures. Their use in complex microbial samples...
Phosphorus monitoring at wastewater treatment plants is essential as phosphorus (as total phosphorus) is an important main constituent regulated in treatment plant effluents. Recent trends are...
Available as eBook only
Because of concerns related to public and aquatic health, there is increasing interest in evaluating occurrence and removal of trace organic...
Arsenic abatement from groundwater in locations with a central water distribution system is relatively simple. The real challenge is selecting the most effective and affordable treatment and scale...
Environmental mycobacteria can be found in diverse environments around the world and most appear to exhibit a saprophytic lifestyle. However, some have the ability to infect animals, birds and...
Arsenic Contamination in the World: an International Sourcebook provides a global compendium of cited arsenic occurrences in the world as they affect public health. This book...