WERF Report Project 99-HHE-1
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Available as an ebook
Please purchase via www.iwaponline.comOpens in new window
Also part of Water Intelligence Online Digital Reference Library
Standard ePrice: £29.00
+ VAT
Wastewater disinfection is practiced with the goal of reducing risks of human exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. Ideally, this goal is to be met without introducing other risks, such as those that could be associated with disinfection by-products. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of wastewater disinfection on human health. This assessment was conducted by examining two fundamental questions regarding the application of disinfection:
1. Should municipal wastewater effluents be disinfected prior to discharge?; and,
2. Under circumstances where disinfection is necessary, how should it be accomplished?
Undisinfected effluent samples from a several municipal wastewater treatment facilities were collected for analysis. The facilities selected for sampling were chosen to represent a broad spectrum of effluent qualities. Facilities were selected to provide a broad spectrum of effluent quality, particularly as related to nitrogenous compounds. Samples were subjected to bench-scale disinfection under conditions that allowed compliance with relevant discharge regulations, and such that disinfectant exposures could be accurately quantified. Disinfectants applied in this research included chlorine and UV radiation. Disinfected samples were subjected to a battery of microbiological assays to assess the immediate and long-term effects of disinfectant exposure on bacteria and viruses.
The sudden increase in indicator bacteria, including fecal coliforms (FCs) and E. coli, was evaluated at several full-scale facilities, in addition to the increase...
This report is an output of the fourth research track (Track 4) of WERF’s strategic asset management research program ‘Asset Management Communication and Implementation’ (SAM1R06). Track 4...
The wastewater industry is continuously seeking new technologies that will reduce the need for purchased energy and improve its ability to beneficially recover resources. In addition, within...
Available as eBook only
This report describes a linked environmental dispersion, exposure, and health effects model, known as the Spreadsheet Microbial Assessment of Risk:...
Agencies responsible for wastewater treatment have choices regarding how they manage their treatment process residuals. They can consider them waste products requiring suitable disposal (e.g.,...
Approximately 23 percent of the estimated 115 million occupied homes in the United States are served by onsite wastewater systems. The vast majority of onsite wastewater treatment systems include...
The ability to measure sludge network strength is important in sludge dewatering applications because it can be used to determine optimum polymer dose for conditioning to achieve good...
Available as eBook only.
Communities are increasingly looking to green infrastructure as a means of meeting not only stormwater management objectives but multiple...