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Wastewater disinfection is practiced with the goal of reducing risks of human exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. Ideally, this goal is to be met without introducing other risks, such as those that could be associated with disinfection by-products. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of wastewater disinfection on human health. This assessment was conducted by examining two fundamental questions regarding the application of disinfection:
1. Should municipal wastewater effluents be disinfected prior to discharge?; and,
2. Under circumstances where disinfection is necessary, how should it be accomplished?
Undisinfected effluent samples from a several municipal wastewater treatment facilities were collected for analysis. The facilities selected for sampling were chosen to represent a broad spectrum of effluent qualities. Facilities were selected to provide a broad spectrum of effluent quality, particularly as related to nitrogenous compounds. Samples were subjected to bench-scale disinfection under conditions that allowed compliance with relevant discharge regulations, and such that disinfectant exposures could be accurately quantified. Disinfectants applied in this research included chlorine and UV radiation. Disinfected samples were subjected to a battery of microbiological assays to assess the immediate and long-term effects of disinfectant exposure on bacteria and viruses.
Comparative Evaluation of Molecular and Culture Methods for Fecal Indicator Bacteria for Use in Inland Recreational Waters
Rapid analytical methods are likely to be incorporated into revised recreational water quality criteria by the US EPA (2012). While epidemiological studies have demonstrated a correlation of...
Identification of the ‘Active’ Fraction and Metabolic Pathways in Trace Organic Contaminants Removal Using Stable Isotope Probing
The widespread presence of trace organic contaminants (TOrC), such as the endocrine disrupting compound bisphenol-A (BPA), has been cause for growing concern due to persistence in the environment...
Innovative DNA Array Technology Detection of Pharmaceuticals Reclaimed Water
Numerous pharmaceutical substances and their metabolites have been identified in the aquatic environment. Due to their unique environmental fate and lack of appropriate biomonitoring techniques,...
Cryptosporidium Removal, Occurrence, and Inactivation Methods for Wastewater
Treatment of drinking water was once considered sufficient for reducing the risk of infection from pathogenic organisms. However, as our knowledge of established and emerging pathogens in water...
Utility and Infrastructure Management Bundle
Special Offer: Utility and Infrastructure Management Bundle from IWA Publishing
Utility and Water Infrastructure Management books - Available now at over 30%...
Reform of China's Urban Water Sector
Edited by the Water Policy Research Center of the Environment Department of Tsinghua University, this comprehensive report on the Chinese water sector is a collection of findings from recent...
Sensing and Control Systems: A Review of Municipal and Industrial Experiences
The objective of this research was to assess and document state-of-the-art of wastewater treatment plant sensing and control systems to discover successful practices that can be...
Public Communication: Perceptions and Early Communications Tools
Public understanding leading to support for investment in aging water infrastructure is absolutely essential in order to close the “gap” between projected and current funding levels. In response...