WERF Report 99-HHE-5UR
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Available as an ebook
Please purchase via www.iwaponline.comOpens in new window
Also part of Water Intelligence Online Digital Reference Library
Standard ePrice: £112.00
+ VAT
Enteroviruses, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and other enteric viruses can survive wastewater treatment processes, even after chlorination, and are found in the final effluents.
These viruses can be detected by cell culture techniques with observations for cytopathic effect (CPE). Recently molecular detection of viral nucleic acids has been used. Most viruses found in wastewater are RNA viruses and RT-PCR is a rapid and sensitive method to detect these single-strand RNA enteric viruses.
This methodology does not distinguish between infectious and non-infectious viruses. Viruses inactivated in the treatment process can be detected but do not pose a public health threat. Methods are needed to quickly distinguish the infectious viruses from inactivated viruses, both of which may be present in effluents.
In this project we investigated the use of a method that combines cell culture and molecular detection. If a sample contains viruses that replicate in cell culture even without CPE, the proof of replication can be demonstrated by the detection of a replicative form (RF) in cell culture that is only present during replication of infectious RNA viruses.
To protect aquatic ecosystems from stresses induced by toxic chemicals, risk models must be developed, calibrated and verified for feral populations. Although risk models require good estimates of...
A general review of literature published from 1990 to 2000 and unpublished (gray) literature on odors associated with municipal wastewater collection systems and treatment facilities, including...
This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series.
This report on Overcoming Molecular Sample Processing Limitations is split into three sections:
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This project furthers the understanding of co-digestion of organic waste with wastewater solids, quantifies the benefits of co-digestion, and provides answers to key questions to help overcome...
These case studies focus on the CH4 emissions from wastewater treatment in photosynthetic oxidation ponds and facultative sludge lagoons. These area-intensive processes are for cryophilic-to-...
A general review of literature published from 1990 to 2000 and unpublished (gray) literature on odors associated with municipal wastewater collection systems and treatment facilities, including...
UV photoreactors, especially those used for disinfection, have emerged as important alternatives to conventional treatment operations. UV dose represents the master variable in governing the...