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The expanding use of decentralized wastewater management has resulted in an increased interest in small-scale wetland treatment systems. However, there is limited information available on the use, distribution of and performance of these small-scale systems. The purpose of this study was to address this knowledge gap by developing criteria for the feasibility, design, operation, and maintenance of small-scale wetland treatment systems.
Monitoring data from the assembled small-scale wetland database was used to develop sizing criteria for FWS and VSB wetlands. Loading rates and corresponding effluent quality were developed for BOD, TSS, TKN, phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria.
Where there was adequate data, the variation in monthly vs. annual average effluent concentration was assessed to provide a factor-of-safety approach to wetland sizing. Information on internal processes, hydraulic design, operation, maintenance, cost, and industrial applications of constructed wetlands is also presented in this report.
Overcoming Molecular Sample Processing Limitations
This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series.
This report on Overcoming Molecular Sample Processing Limitations is split into three sections:
...
Reducing Peak RDII Flow Rates: Case Studies and Protocol
The purpose of this research project was to examine construction projects that successfully reduced Rainfall Dependent Infiltration/Inflow (RDII). The research began with a literature...
Case Study Application of Determining End of Asset Physical Life Using Survival Analysis: Cincinnati and Milwaukee
Utilities are about investment; the most significant management cycle is the annual operational and capital budget cycle. Budgets can be thought of as the financial...
Algal Nutrient Removal During Wastewater Treatment
While major improvements in wastewater treatment have reduced nutrient loading to natural receiving waters, current limits of technology preclude further nutrient reductions using established...
Minimization of Odors and Corrosion in Collection Systems
Wastewater collection system odors and corrosion issues continue to grow in importance to the community and to system owners and operators. Odor and corrosion...
Transforming Our Cities: High-Performance Green Infrastructure
Traditional approaches to stormwater management include construction of large, centralized end-of-pipe or interceptor solutions that can be extraordinarily expensive. The goal of this research is...
Flood Grouting for Infiltration Reduction on Private Side Sewers
Available as eBook only.
The sewers in Seattle’s Broadview neighborhood, built in the 1950s, experience significant inflow and infiltration. Intense wet weather...
Research Roadmap: Towards an Economic Decision Methodology for Remaining Asset Life
This report is an output of the fourth research track (Track 4) of WERF’s strategic asset management research program ‘Asset Management Communication and Implementation’ (RFPP #06-SAM-1 CO). Track...