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The expanding use of decentralized wastewater management has resulted in an increased interest in small-scale wetland treatment systems. However, there is limited information available on the use, distribution of and performance of these small-scale systems. The purpose of this study was to address this knowledge gap by developing criteria for the feasibility, design, operation, and maintenance of small-scale wetland treatment systems.
Monitoring data from the assembled small-scale wetland database was used to develop sizing criteria for FWS and VSB wetlands. Loading rates and corresponding effluent quality were developed for BOD, TSS, TKN, phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria.
Where there was adequate data, the variation in monthly vs. annual average effluent concentration was assessed to provide a factor-of-safety approach to wetland sizing. Information on internal processes, hydraulic design, operation, maintenance, cost, and industrial applications of constructed wetlands is also presented in this report.
Estimation of Mercury Bioaccumulation Potential from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Receiving Waters: Phase 1
This project was initiated in response to the establishment of mercury TMDLs around the country and issues raised by this process, specifically concerning the issue of mercury bioavailability....
Identifying and Controlling Odor in the Municipal Wastewater Environment, Health Effects of Biosolids Odors
This report deals with whether the experience of odors, i.e., odors as sensations, from biosolids at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) causes illness. There exists no repository of information...
Linking BMP Systems Performance to Receiving Water Protection: BMP Performance Algorithms
While substantial information exists regarding many of the technical activities associated with developing stormwater management plans and demonstrating regulatory compliance, there is no unified...
Public Perception of Biosolids Recycling
This report provides an overview of the current public perception and public acceptance of biosolids recycling in North America. It provides conceptual models for understanding the development of...
A New Tool for Measuring Biosolids Floc Strength
The ability to measure sludge network strength is important in sludge dewatering applications because it can be used to determine optimum polymer dose for conditioning to achieve good...
Strategies for Small Wastewater Systems for Risk Reduction and Safeguarding Assets
The Gulf Coast hurricanes of 2005 and horrific events of 9/11/2001 have spawned a new emphasis on domestic security and emergency preparedness. Governments at all levels are taking action to...
An Economic Framework for Evaluating the Benefits and Costs of Biosolids Management Options
Agencies responsible for wastewater treatment have choices regarding how they manage their treatment process residuals. They can consider them waste products requiring suitable disposal (e.g.,...
Institutional Issues for Integrated 'One Water' Management
The looming capital investment required to refurbish aging infrastructure, upsizing and upgrading existing infrastructure, as well as building new infrastructure to meet growing demands through...