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There is a tremendous amount of literature on and experience with wastewater disinfection alternative. However, it is difficult for wastewater professionals to sift through all of the available information, especially for relatively newer technologies. In addition, there are many factors, some of them site-specific, that influence whether a facility changes disinfection practice, and which alternative it chooses. There are few resources that provide a comprehensive discussion of decision factors with a direct comparison of the disinfection alternatives.
This project developed a singular document that presents the pros and cons and costs of the various technical options for wastewater disinfection. The resulting report is intended to be utilized by wastewater professionals to help evaluate and select the appropriate technology for their application. This report presents a review of the existing literature, a survey of disinfection practice by major POTWs, and surveys of facilities with UV and ozone systems. The known advantages and disadvantages of the mature technologies (chlorine, UV, and ozone), other technologies, and combinations of multiple disinfection alternatives are summarized. The report synthesizes this information and presents a coherent method for selecting a disinfection technology, based on individual priorities and criteria. Finally, the report identifies data gaps that would benefit from additional research.
Protocol to Evaluate Alternative External Carbon Sources for Denitrification at Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants
Addition of external carbon to biological nutrient removal processes to enhance denitrification to meet more stringent effluent nitrogen limits (e.g., total nitrogen < 3 to 6 mg/L) has become...
Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing
Under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), many municipal and industrial wastewater treatment facilities must perform Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Testing. Regulatory...
Condition Assessment for Drinking Water Pipelines: Synthesis Report
The research presented in this report was performed in order to compile and better understand the state of the technology for drinking water pipeline condition assessment methodologies and...
Water Quality Indicators: Nutrient Impacts on Chlorophyll or Algae Species Composition
The researchers have developed a methodological framework that aims to provide a predictive approach to water quality criteria selection.
The basic constituents of the proposed methodology...
Management Practice for Drinking Water Pipelines: Synthesis Report
This report presents state-of-the-art literature and current practice review of management practices for drinking water pipelines. These practices focus on the pipe condition evaluation and...
Cryptosporidium Removal, Occurrence, and Inactivation Methods for Wastewater
Treatment of drinking water was once considered sufficient for reducing the risk of infection from pathogenic organisms. However, as our knowledge of established and emerging pathogens in water...
Evaluation of QSPR Techniques for Wastewater Treatment Processes
Most households regularly use products containing trace organic compounds (TOrC), including endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), personal care products...
Hydraulic Design and Management of Wastewater Transport Systems
Hydraulic Design and Management of Wastewater Transport Systems is a manual resulting from the research project CAPWAT (CAPacity loss in wasteWATer pressure pipelines), which researched...