AwwaRF Report 91183 + CDROM
Estuarine waters are an important source of drinking water for people living along the coasts. These waters tend to exhibit high concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM), bromide, salts, pathogens, and others, which create a challenge to drinking water suppliers that treat such waters. Thus, any utility using estuarine waters may need to consider advanced technologies and/or disinfectants (e.g., membrane filtration, MIEX® resin, chlorine dioxide, UV disinfection) to meet current or future drinking water regulations.
The objectives of the study were to (1) determine disinfectant combination(s) that optimize microorganism inactivation and limit disinfection by-products (DBP) formation; (2) investigate technologies (coagulation, granular activated carbon (GAC), MIEX® resin, and membranes) in conjunction with disinfectants with regard to their applicability to treat estuarine waters; (3) investigate the impact of multiple disinfectants on distribution system water quality; (4) evaluate the operational issues associated with ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, and (5) provide a comparative cost analysis for the proposed solutions.
The project included several desktop studies including a literature review, a review of the current and future regulations, and analyses of raw and treated water quality data available from the participating utilities. Pilot- and bench-scale testing were conducted to evaluate different disinfectant combinations (involving chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, UV disinfection, and potassium permanganate) and treatment strategies on DBP formation and treated water quality. The study examined the effect of MIEX® resin, as well as MIEX® in combination with coagulation or membranes, on NOM and bromide removal. Demonstration-scale UV reactors (medium pressure [MP] and low pressure high output [LPHO]) were studied to provide data on implementation issues, particularly, power quality, UVT variability, sleeve fouling, and sensor reliability. Conceptual level cost estimates were also developed as part of all the tasks.
This book is out of print. If you need information about this, please contact publications@iwap.co.uk.
This research project aims to identify, list, and characterize chemical occurrence databases and data sets that can be used by states and utilities to perform source water assessments. The data...
Although ingestion of high levels of arsenic is believed to cause certain cancers, estimates of cancer risk resulting from exposure to low levels of arsenic are the subject of considerable debate...
The operation of ozone contactors needs to be optimized to provide adequate disinfection while minimizing the formation of disinfection by-products. However, measuring the actual disinfection...
Technology offers one of the significant levers that utility managers have available to truly “do more with less.” But it often is difficult for managers to know how much to spend on technology,...
Due to anthropogenic activities, freshwater systems worldwide are exposed to thousands of compounds. Monitoring of priority pollutants is important, however, monitoring of all individual compounds...
Marine Plastics Abatement Volume 1 provides comprehensive knowledge of plastic pollutions in marine ecosystems and their implications on human health, especially from the contamination of micro...
Preventing Legionellosis covers the biology of Legionella and presents a comprehensive review of best practices for legionellosis prevention from around the world.
...In many respects, lead in drinking water has become a forgotten problem, since the mid 1980s when a range of environmental controls were implemented to reduce exposure to lead. This is largely...