AwwaRF Report 90992F
Available as an ebook
Please purchase via www.iwaponline.comOpens in new window
Also part of Water Intelligence Online Digital Reference Library
Standard ePrice: £96.00
+ VAT
Available as an ebook
Please purchase via www.iwaponline.comOpens in new window
Also part of Water Intelligence Online Digital Reference Library
Standard ePrice: £96.00
+ VAT
The primary objective of this research was to develop and test a pipe-section reactor to measure the decay rate of disinfectant at the pipe wall. The pipe-section reactor is more convenient than pipe loop reactors which require a large laboratory and large supply volume of water. It is also a more realistic representation of the pipe surface than provided in pipe coupon experiments or annular reactors. The effects of water velocity and corrosion rate can be investigated using a pipe-section reactor, while still affording the simplicity of laboratory-scale, batch reactor operation.
The secondary objective was to collect field data from two distribution systems in North Carolina (North Chatham County and Durham) to measure the decay of free chlorine by two alternative methods and to explore a relationship with corrosion rate. The ultimate goal would be to achieve a better understanding of disinfectant decay at the pipe walls such that a set of default values for decay rate coefficients could be specified for free chlorination and chloramination, the two most common secondary disinfectants.
Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2004.
This book is out of print. If you need information about this, please contact publications@iwap.co.uk.
The operation of ozone contactors needs to be optimized to provide adequate disinfection while minimizing the formation of disinfection by-products. However, measuring the actual disinfection...
Technology offers one of the significant levers that utility managers have available to truly “do more with less.” But it often is difficult for managers to know how much to spend on technology,...
In a recent study of anaerobically digested solids from seven wastewater treatment facilities, counts of fecal coliform bacteria increased after dewatering at four of the facilities tested....
When water leaves a treatment works and travels through a distribution system, its quality, with respect to many chemical and biological parameters, will degrade. The quality of the delivered...
For many water service providers (WSPs), meeting the financial demands of maintaining, extending and upgrading infrastructure systems is increasingly challenging. Furthermore,...
Accurate prediction of wastewater pipe structural and functional deterioration plays an essential role in the utility asset management process and capital investment planning. The key to...
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has been used for decades to remove phosphorus from municipal wastewater because it allows facilities to meet water quality goals while minimizing...
Successful deployment of energy efficiency initiatives may be increased by recognizing barriers and advancing strategies that overcome them. A national survey recently collected input on barriers...