This is an eBook available to WIO subscribers only. [1]

• Demonstrates that the successful application of mainstream deammonification could save wastewater utilities operations costs for aeration and external carbon costs in the life cycle.
• Indicates that in concept studies, implementation of short-cut nitrogen removal, including mainstream deammonification, can be retrofitted using existing infrastructure, often with minor modifications.
• Keywords: Deammonification, mainstream deammonification, anammox ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AOB, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB, cyclone, demonstrations, pilot tests, concept studies.